Linux

How to Install Apache on Ubuntu and CentOS/RHEL

Install Apache step by step on Ubuntu/Debian and CentOS/RHEL/Rocky/AlmaLinux, open firewall ports, start the service, and verify.

How to Configure SSH Authentication with Public Keys

Set up SSH keys for secure login: generate keys, install the public key on the server, fix permissions, and verify connection.

How to Check Your VPS Public and Private IP

Find your VPS public and private IPs using safe commands (ip, hostname, curl) and understand the difference.

How to Install and Secure MySQL/MariaDB

Install MySQL or MariaDB on a Linux VPS and secure it using mysql_secure_installation, with verification and common warnings.

How to Update Ubuntu/Debian with apt update & apt upgrade

A clear, step-by-step procedure to update Ubuntu/Debian safely using apt, including what each command does, expected output, warnings, and final checks.

How to Restart Networking Without Rebooting the Server

Restart networking safely using the correct method for your system (systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, or networking service), with warnings to avoid losing SSH.

How to Create a VPS Snapshot and When to Use It

Understand what a VPS snapshot is, when it is useful, and how to use it safely before risky changes.

How to Extend (Increase) VPS Disk Size on Linux

A safe, step-by-step approach to expand disk space on a Linux VPS: verify new size, extend partition, resize filesystem, and verify.

How to Check Disk Usage with df -h

Use df -h to check disk usage, understand columns, identify full partitions, and take safe next steps.

Basic Linux Commands for Your VPS

A beginner-friendly guide to the most important Linux commands you will use on a VPS: navigation, files, permissions, processes, networking, and safe habits. Includes what each command does, why you need it, expected output, and warnings.

How to Restore MySQL Backups

Restore a MySQL dump safely into a database, including decompression, import commands, and verification queries.

How to Install PHP and Check Its Version

Install PHP on Ubuntu/Debian or RHEL-based systems, verify the version, and check PHP-FPM status if used.

How to Set Server Timezone on Linux

Set the correct server timezone with timedatectl, verify time and NTP sync, and avoid common mistakes.

How to Check System Errors in /var/log

Find and read common Linux log files under /var/log, use tail/grep safely, and know what files to check by distro.

How to Install Node.js and npm/Yarn

Install Node.js safely using NodeSource, verify node/npm, and install Yarn. Includes commands and verification steps.

How to Set Hostname and Edit /etc/hosts

Set a server hostname correctly and map names in /etc/hosts, with verification commands and common pitfalls.

How to Back Up MySQL with mysqldump

Create reliable MySQL backups using mysqldump (single DB or all DBs), compress the output, and verify the backup file.

How to Enable HTTPS with Certbot (Let’s Encrypt)

Enable free HTTPS certificates with Certbot for Nginx or Apache, verify renewal, and avoid common pitfalls.

How to Check Logs with journalctl

Use journalctl to read systemd logs, filter by service, follow logs live, and troubleshoot errors step by step.

How to Install PostgreSQL on Linux

Install PostgreSQL step by step on Ubuntu/Debian or RHEL-based systems, start the service, and verify local access.

How to Open and Close Ports on Linux (UFW & firewalld)

Open/close ports safely using UFW or firewalld, verify the rules, and test connectivity step by step.

How to Find Files That Take Up a Lot of Space on Linux

Find large files/directories safely using du, sort, and find. Includes commands, expected output, and safe cleanup notes.

How to Use systemctl (Start, Stop, Status)

Learn the essential systemctl commands to manage services on Linux: status, start, stop, restart, enable, and logs.

How to Run Network Tests (ping, traceroute, dig)

Practical network diagnostics on a VPS: test reachability, route path, and DNS resolution with ping, traceroute, and dig.

How to Change the Root Password on Linux

Step-by-step instructions to safely change the root password on a Linux server, with commands, expected output, and final verification.

How to Change the Port of Apache or Nginx

Change the listening port safely for Apache or Nginx, update firewall rules, restart service, and verify the new port works.

How to Install Python and Use Virtual Environments

Install Python and create virtual environments with venv to isolate dependencies, then verify pip and packages safely.

How to Schedule Tasks with cron

Schedule automated tasks with cron safely: edit crontab, test scripts, log output, and verify cron runs.

How to Update CentOS/RHEL/Rocky/AlmaLinux with yum/dnf

Step-by-step updates for RHEL-based servers using dnf or yum, including command explanations, expected output, warnings, and final verification.

How to Disable Root SSH Login

Disable root SSH login safely without losing access: create a sudo user, update sshd_config, restart SSH, and verify.

How to Create a MySQL Database and User

Create a database and a dedicated MySQL user with correct privileges, then verify access step by step.

How to Create a New User and Give Sudo Access

Create a new Linux user for VPS administration and grant sudo privileges safely, with detailed commands and verification.

How to See Which Processes Use the Most CPU/RAM (top, htop)

Use top/htop to identify heavy processes, understand CPU/RAM columns, and take safe actions. Includes commands, expected output, and warnings.

Monthly Maintenance Checklist for a Linux VPS

A simple monthly routine for VPS health and security: updates, backups, disk space, users, firewall, logs, and verification.

How to Connect to Your VPS via SSH (Windows PowerShell & Terminal)

A beginner-friendly (“for dummies”) guide to connecting to a VPS using SSH from Windows PowerShell or a terminal. Includes exact commands, what each one does, what you should see, and common fixes.

How to Use SCP/SFTP to Upload or Download Files

Transfer files securely to/from your VPS using SCP and SFTP, with exact commands, explanations, expected output, and common fixes.

How to Install Docker and Docker Compose

Install Docker Engine and Docker Compose on a Linux VPS, verify the daemon, run hello-world, and use compose.

How to Install and Configure UFW Firewall

Install and configure UFW on Ubuntu/Debian: allow SSH safely, open web ports, enable the firewall, and verify rules step by step.

How to Restart Linux Services Correctly (systemctl)

Learn how to restart services safely with systemctl, check status, view logs, and verify the service is healthy after restart.

How to Create Virtual Hosts (Apache) or Server Blocks (Nginx)

Host multiple sites on one VPS by creating Apache VirtualHosts or Nginx server blocks, enable configs, restart services, and verify.

How to Create Automatic Backups with cron + rsync

Automate file backups on a Linux VPS using rsync and cron: create a script, test it, log output, and verify backups safely.

How to Restore a System from Backups or Snapshots

A practical recovery guide: restore from provider snapshot or restore files from backups, then verify services and data.

How to Monitor VPS Health (CPU, RAM, Disk, Network)

A practical checklist of commands to monitor VPS health: CPU load, memory, disk space, network, and service status, with expected output and alerts to watch.

How to Install and Configure firewalld Firewall

Install and configure firewalld on RHEL-based systems: allow SSH safely, open web ports, apply permanent rules, and verify.

How to Install Nginx on Ubuntu and CentOS/RHEL

Install Nginx step by step on Ubuntu/Debian and RHEL-based systems, open firewall ports, start the service, and verify.

How to Compress and Extract Files on Linux (tar, zip, gzip)

Learn the exact commands to compress/extract files using tar, zip, and gzip, with clear explanations and expected results.

How to Update a Linux Server

If you need to update your Linux server, this guide will help you do it safely and without complications. In this guide, you’ll learn what to do before updating, the exact commands you need to run, what output you should expect, and how to verify that the update was completed successfully.

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